Police in Kashmir confronting violent protesters in the street.
Seyyed Sajed Hassan Razavi | CC BY 4.0

U.S. War on "terror"

Explore an in-depth guide to conflict in Pakistan, analyzing key geopolitical tensions around Kashmir, instability in Balochistan, and complex relations with the Afghan Taliban.

Police in Kashmir confronting violent protesters in the street.
Seyyed Sajed Hassan Razavi | CC BY 4.0

CONFLICT IN PAKISTAN - Enduring Clashes With India & Afghanistan

Pakistan’s history of conflict is deeply complex, defined by international disputes, regional insurgencies, and domestic political instability.

The country has long been locked in a territorial dispute with India over Kashmir, resulting in multiple wars and a heavily militarised border.

Simultaneously, Pakistan faces mounting cross-border security challenges involving the Afghan Taliban regime. Driven by militant groups operating across the frontier and a breakdown in bilateral relations.

Additionally, the Insurgency in Balochistan is a long-standing low-intensity conflict and ethno-nationalist struggle in Pakistan's Balochistan province and southeastern Iran.

Domestically, these security crises are further complicated by friction between civilian governance and Pakistan’s powerful military establishment, which exerts immense influence over national politics and foreign policy.

Explore specialised topics such as the historical context of Kashmir, the aftershocks of the U.S. War on Terror in the region, and pressing human rights concerns across Pakistan.