Jose Mujica (Uruguay)

➡️ JOSÉ MUJICA - Former President of Uruguay (1935 – 2025)

Affectionately referred to as "Pepe", the former President of Uruguay was famed for his humble lifestyle and progressive policies. Serving from 2010 to 2015, Mujica donated 90% of his presidential salary to charities. In just five years as president, he earned respect and admiration for his progressive approach to politics and power.

"Politics is the fight for happiness for all" - José Mujica

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Before transitioning into politics, Mujica spent over a decade in prison, where he became a symbol of resilience and integrity. He famously lived on a modest farm and drove an old Volkswagen Beetle, reflecting his commitment to equality and social justice.

His authenticity bolstered his image as a leader for the people who genuinely cared for the welfare of his country. His popularity gave him credibility and boosted his effectiveness in governance, allowing him to implement radical reforms.

What Were José Mujica's Major Policies?

Mujica championed social equality and economic inclusivity by expanding welfare programmes, legalising abortion, opening borders to Syrian refugees, and increasing the minimum wage. One of his most notable achievements was the legalisation of same-sex marriage in 2013, making Uruguay one of the first Latin American countries to do so.

He implemented a groundbreaking policy which legalised the production and sale of marijuana under state control, to combat drug trafficking and related violence. Focused on social equality, Mujica also made significant educational and healthcare reforms.

His government prioritised renewable energy, boosting the proportion of Uruguay's electricity generated from renewable sources to over 90%. Prioritising energy independence and sustainability led to substantial investments in wind, solar, and biomass energy.

By the end of his term, the transition had reduced the country's carbon footprint, lowered energy costs, and increased energy security. Uruguay's rate of electricity generation from renewables is now 98%, one of the highest in the world.

His legacy of social reform set a positive example for politicians in Latin America and around the world. Uruguay began building its reputation as a forward-thinking and socially responsible nation.

Jose Mujica the Guerrilla Fighter

Before entering mainstream politics, José Mujica was a member of the Tupamaros, a leftist guerrilla group that sought to overthrow the Uruguayan government in the 1960s and 70s. He spent more than 10 years in prison, enduring harsh conditions, including solitary confinement.

On his release, his firsthand experience of oppression and injustice led him to embrace democracy as a means to achieve social change and advocate for peace, social justice, and democratic rule.

Often referred to as "the world's poorest president", Mujica continued to be active in politics after his presidency as a national senator until 2018. Through his presence on social media and many talks, he won a wide following among young Latin Americans who admired his progressive principles and commitment to a simple life.

Author: Rachael Mellor, 21.05.25 licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0

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