Alan Turing (UK)

Alan Turing, a pioneering mathematician and logician, is widely regarded as the father of computer science. His groundbreaking work during World War II on breaking the German Enigma code significantly contributed to the Allied victory. Turing's theoretical insights laid the foundation for modern computing, particularly through his concept of the Turing machine, which formalized the principles of algorithms and computation.

Despite his monumental contributions, Turing faced immense personal challenges due to his homosexuality, which was criminalized in Britain at the time. His tragic death at the age of 41 cut short the life of a brilliant mind whose legacy continues to influence technology and artificial intelligence today.